(1) IAC, (2) Dep. Astrofísica. U. La Laguna, (3) IA-UNAM, Mexico, (4) Dep. Astronomía, U. Chile

IAC

IAC

IAC

((1) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Tenerife,Spain, (2) Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3) Image Processing Laboratory, Universidad de Valencia, Spain)

(1) Departamento Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile (2) IAC

U. Oulu & FINCA, U. Oulu, U. Alabama, IAC & ULL

MPIA, IAC, ULL, etc.

((1)Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany, (2) UNAM, Instituto de Astronomia, Ensenada, Mexico, (3) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain) (4) CSIC (5) Dept. Astrofísica Ull.

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna.

(1) IAC, (2) Depto. Astrofísica, ULL, (3) Dipartimento Astronomia, Universita di Padova, (4) Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire

1 Dept. of Physics/Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Finland 2 Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, V ̈aisa ̈l ̈antie 20, FI-21500, Piikki ̈o, Finland 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 4 Instituto de Astrof ́ısica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5 Departamento de Astrof ́ısica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

(1) IAC, (2) ULL

(1)IAC, (2)ULL (3)INAF-Teramo Obs. (4)INAF-Padova Obs (5)Royal Obs. of Edinburgh (6)Univ of Minnesota (7)DAO-HIA (8)Univ. of Zurich (9)Kapteyn Astron. Inst.

(1) Univ. di Trieste (Italia) (2) INAF. Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italia) (3) INAF. Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (Italia) (4) IAC, ULL (5) INAF, TNG, Fundacion Galileo Galilei (6) INAF-IASF, Milano (Italia)

(1) Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias, (2) Departamento de Astrofisica, (3) European Southern Observatory, (4) Fundacion Galileo Galilei-INAF, (5) Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita di Padova, (6) UNINOVA/CA3, (7) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, (8) Dipartimento di Fisica-Sezione Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, (9) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, (10) Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-C.S.I.C., (11) Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman, (12) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte

(1) Uni. Vienna, (2) Open University Milton Keynes, (3) IAA-CSIC, (4) Kiepenheuer Institut fuer Sonnenphysik, (5) IAC, (6) ULL, (7) INAF-OAB Merate

(1) Uni. Vienna, (2) Copernicus Astronomical Center, (3) Uni. Porto, (4) Uni. Aarhus, (5) NOT, (6) CAB INTA-CSI, (7) Uni. British Columbia, (8) KULeuven, (9) Uni. Sydney, (10) INAF-Catania, (11) ROB, (12) CEA Saclay, (13) KIS, (14) IAC, ULL, (15) UCLAN, (16) SETI institute, NASA Ames, (17) Orbital Sciences Corporation, NASA Ames

1. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias 2. Departamento de Astrofísica, ULL. 3. CSIC 4. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes. Université de Toulouse, CNRS 5. CNRS, IRAP 7. Oscar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University 8. Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Ensenda. 9. Département de Physique et Astronomie, Université de Montreal,

IAC, Dpto. Astrofísica, CSIC

(1) IAC (2) IAA (3) Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge

(1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (2) Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (3) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (4) California Institute of Technology

(1) IAC (2) Dept. Astrofísica ULL. (3) CSIC)

(1) LESIA, (2) IAC, (3) ULL, (4) IAP, (5) I. Astr. Spatiale Paris, (6) Washington U.

(1) U. Grenoble, (2)U Hawaii, (3) Obs. Geneva, (4) IAP, (5) OHP, (6) U. Liege, (7) U. Porto, (8) U. Porto, (9) LAM, (10) IAC, (11) ULL, (12) U. Catol. Chile

Tautenburg obs. (Hatzes)

(1) IAC, (2)Obs. Marseille, (3) IAC

IAC, Departamento Astro. ULL

IAC

University of Texas, University of Virgina, MPIA, IAC, Blackbird Observatory, Sirius Imaging Observatory

(1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (2) Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Bologna, Italy (4) Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía, Mérida, Venezuela

(1) Astronomical Society of Mérida, C/Toledo, no 1 Bajo, Mérida, E-06800, Spain (2) Double Star Section of LIADA, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina (3) IAC, ULL-DA (4) Astronomical Observatory MPC J-48, E-38205, Spain (5) Grupo de Observadores Astronómicos de Tenerife (GOAT), Spain (6) Astronomical Society of Isla de la Palma, E-38712, Spain

1. IAC, (2) Dept. Astrofísica ULL (3) CSIC, (4) UNAM, México DF. (5) Lab. d'Astrophysique Toulouse-Tarbes. (6) CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse. (7) Dept. Astronomy. U.Stockholm, (8) Oscar Klein Centre, Stockholm., (9) Dept. Physique et Astronomie,U. Montreal. (10). Dept. Astronomy, U. Cape Town (11) UNAM, Ensenada, (12).Dept. Fis. Teorica y del Cosmos, U. Granada., (13). Dept Física, Escuela Sup. Fis. Mat. IPN, UP Adolfo Lopez Mateos. México.

1. UNAM, Ensenada Mexico, 2. IAC, 3. Max Planck Institut fúr Extraterrestresche Physic, Garching. (4) Universität-Sternwarte, München. 5. Guest Investigator of the UK Astronomy Data Centre. 6. Present Address, Dept. Phys. Astronomy, UCL (London), 7. Facultad de Física, ULL. 8. CSIC.

(1) IAC, (2) High Altitude Observatory, NCAR-Boulder

UBC Vancouver, IAC & ULL, et al.

NASA-GSFC; Maryland; IAC & ULL; Maryland

Vassar College, IAC, ULL, others

(1) IAC, (2) ULL, (3) ESA/ESTEC, (4) MPIA, (5) IAS, (6) RUG, (7) Oxford University, (8) Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, (9) Yonsei University Observatory, (10) CRAL, (11) ESO, (12) STRW, (13) STECF/ESO, (14) Gemini Observatory, (15) University of Hertfordshire, (16) University of California-Berkeley, (17) Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, (18) University of Toronto, (19) Yonsei University

(1) IAC, (2) ULL, (3) UAM, (4) UCM, (5) CEFCA, (6) RUG

(1) Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears (2) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (3) Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna

(1) Univ. Sheffield, (2) Herschel Science Centre, (3) IAC, (4) ULL, (5) IFC, (6) CAB, (7) ESO, (8) IAA, (9) Univ. Florida

(1) IAC; (2) ULL; (3) CSIC; (4) ESAC-ESA; (5) NOAO; (6) UAM; (7) INA; (8) ACR

(1) Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot; CEA, IRFU, SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France , (2) Kiepenheuer-Institut fur Sonnenphysik, Schoneckstrasse 6, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, (3) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, (4) Laboratorio de Astrofisica Estelar y Exoplanetas, LAEX-CAB , (INTA-CSIC), PO BOX 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain, (5) Centro de Astrofisica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal, (6) Los Alamos National Laboratory, XTD-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545-2345, USA, (7) Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia , (CSIC), Apartado 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain, (8) LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Universite Paris-Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France, (9) Valentian International University, Prolongacion C/ Jose Pradas Gallen, s/n 12006 Castellon de la Plana - Spain, (10) Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom, (11) Institut fur Astronomie, Turkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Wien, Austria, (12) Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland, (13) South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa, (14) Instytut Astronomiczny, Uniwersytet Wroclawski, Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wroclaw, Poland, (15) Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Instituto de Astronomia, UNAM, Ensenada B.C., Apdo. Postal 877, Mexico , (16) CISAS, Padova University, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy, (17) INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, (18) UMR 6525 H. Fizeau, UNS, CNRS, OCA, Campus Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France, (19) Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, (20) Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest PO Box 67, Hungary, (201) INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, (22) Lab. d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, 57 avenue d'Azereix, 65000 Tarbes, France , (23) Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany , (24) Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA , (25) Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (26) University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK , (27) Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada , (28) Observatoire de Geneve, Universite de Geneve, 51 ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland , (29) Los Alamos National Laboratory, XCP-6, MS T-087, Los Alamos, NM 87545-2345, USA , (30) Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR12HE, UK , (31) Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussel, Belgium , (32) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, bygn. 1520, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark , (33) Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX78712, USA , (34) Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia , (35) Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA , (36) SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

(1) IAC; (2) ULL; (3) Indian Institute of Astrophysics; (4) W. J. McDonald Observatory, UT

(1)Instituto de Astrofí­sica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (2)Depto. AstrofÃísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (4)Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA (5)Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

(1) Departamento de fisica Aplicada I, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao, Spain (2) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3) Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Instiruro de Astrof'isica de Canarias, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Departamento de Astrof'isica. Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

(1) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Spain, (2) Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, (3) National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Chile, (4) Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Chile

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Departamento de Fí­sica Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E28049 Madrid, Spain

(1) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (2) Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3) Centro de Astrobiologia, CSIC-INTA,

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) Dpto. Astrof'isica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)

1 Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias 2 Dept. Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna

(1)Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. e-mail:karla@iac.es (2) Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. (3) Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain. (4) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. (5) Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany.

F. Cataldo (&) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78,95123 Catania, Italy F. Cataldo Lupi Chemical Research, Via Casilina 1626/A, 00133 Rome, Italy O. Ursini G. Angelini Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Rome, Italy S. Iglesias-Groth , A. Manchado Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain A. Manchado CSIC, Madrid, Spain

(1) IAC, (2) ULL, (3) OPM, (4) AAO , (5) UNAM,

(1) MPI, (2) IAC, (3) ULL

Main Astronomical Observatory; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias

(1)Institut de Ci`encies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Facultat de Ciéncies, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain (2) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Ví­a Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (3) Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (4) Departamento de Física - ICEx - UFMG, Caixa Postal 702, 30.123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil (5) Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia (IEEC-UB), Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain

Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University IAC

(1) IAC, (2) Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, (3) Mullard Space Science Laboratory, (4) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London

Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (1), Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain (2), GEPI, Paris-Meudon Observatory 5, Place Jules Janssen, Meudon, Paris, France (3), Universite Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France (4)

(1) UH Institute for Astronomy (2) IAC & Universidad de La Laguna (3) ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute, (4) Universidad de Guadalajara, (5) Geneva Observatory

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Department of Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

(1) Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, (2) IAC

The top down approach in the search of the origins of life F. Cataldo (&) has involved the analysis of meteorites and in particular of Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica. Osservatorio Astrofisico di the carbonaceous chondrites (CC). Indeed a plethora of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy different classes of molecules have been identified in e-mail: franco.cataldo@fastwebnet.it meteorites since long time [1]. The most impressive class F. Cataldo of molecules identified yet regards the amino acids which Lupi Chemical Research, Via Casilina 1626/A, are the basic molecules used in the current terrestrial bio- 00133 Rome, Italy chemistry. Not only a considerable number of different P. Ragni amino acids have been identified in CC [2], but part of Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, them were also detected in enantiomeric excess [3–6]. This 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy S. Iglesias-Groth Á A. Manchado ́ Instituto de Astrofısica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n, before the formation of the Solar System [7] but also 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain F. Cataldo. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica. Osservatorio Astrofisico diCatania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy e-mail: franco.cataldo@fastwebnet.it F. Cataldo Lupi Chemical Research, Via Casilina 1626/A, P. Ragni Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300,00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy S. Iglesias-Groth Á A. Manchado Instituto de Astrofısica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n, before the formation of the Solar System [7] but also 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain A. Manchado CSIC, Madrid, Spain A. Manchado light on racemic mixtures [8]. CSIC, Madrid, Spain

F. Cataldo (&) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico meteorite [1, 2]. di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy e-mail: franco.cataldo@fastwebnet.it Lupi Chemical Research, Via Casilina 1626/A, 00133 Rome, Italy P. Ragni Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy S. Iglesias-Groth, A. Manchado Instituto de Astrofu0131sica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

(1) ESA/ESTEC RSSD, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, (2) IAC

(1) IAC (2) Dpto. de Astrof

(1) IAC (2) Depto. Astrofisica ULL (3) MPS (4) THEMIS (5) KIS

IAC

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 2Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy 3Actinium Chemical Research, Via Casilina 1626/A, 00133 Rome, Italy 4Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain 5Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

IAC Departamento de Astrofisica, ULL

Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias

1. IAC 2. ULL 3. CAB

(1) Univ. Sheffield, (2) Gemini Observatory (La Serena), (3) CAB, (4) IAC, (5) ULL, (6) Univ. Florida, (7) Gemini Observatory (Hilo), (8) Univ. Crete

(1) Institute of Astronomy, K.U.Leuven (2) IAC; (3) ULL; (4) ESAC-ESA; (5) CSIC

(1) IAC; (2) ULL; (3) Indian Institute of Astrophysics; (4) W. J. McDonald Observatory, UT

(1) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. Sheffield (2) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology (3) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (4) Departamento de Astrofisica, Univ. La Laguna (5) Max-Planck Institute für Astronomie (6) School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, Univ. Hertfordshire

IAC

(1) Universidade da Coruña; (2) IAC; (3) ULL; (4) Universidade de Vigo; (5) CSIC; (6) ESAC-ESA