Detalles de publicación

PP 025033

Generalized Te([O III])−Te(He I) Discrepancies in Ionized Nebulae: Possible Evidence of Case B Deviations and Temperature Inhomogeneities

J.E. Méndez-Delgado (1), E.D. Skillman (2), E. Aver (3), C. Morisset (1), C. Esteban (4), J. García-Rojas (4), K. Kreckel (5), N.S.J. Rogers (6), F.F. Rosales-Ortega (7), K.Z. Arellano-Córdova (8), S.R. Flury (8), E. Reyes-Rodríguez (4,9), M. Orte-García (4), S. Tan (5)
(1) Instituto de Astronomía UNAM, (2) University of Minnesota, (3) Gonzaga University, (4) IAC, (5) Universität Heidelberg, (6) Northwestern University, (7) INAOE, (8) University of Edinburgh, (9) ING
The physics of recombination lines (RLs) in the HeI singlet system is expected to be rela- tively simple, supported by accurate atomic models. We examine the intensities of HeI singlets λλ3614, 3965, 5016, 6678, 7281 and the triplet He I λ5876 in various types of ionized nebulae and compare them with theoretical predictions to test the validity of the “Case B” recombination scenario and the assumption of thermal homogeneity. Our analysis includes 85 spectra from Galactic and extragalactic HII regions, 90 from star-forming galaxies, and 218 planetary nebulae, all compiled by the DEep Spectra of Ionized REgions Database Extended (DESIRED-E) project. By evaluating the ratios He I λ7281/λ6678 and He I λ7281/λ5876, we determine Te (He I) and compare it with direct measurements of Te([O III] λ4363/λ5007). We find that Te(He I) is systematically lower than Te([O III]) across most objects and nebula types. Additionally, we identify a correlation between the abundance discrepancy factor (ADF(O2+)) and the difference Te([OIII]) - Te(HeI) for planetary nebulae. We explore two potential explanations: photon loss from n^1P → 11S transitions and temperature inhomogeneities. Deviations from “Case B” may indicate photon absorption by H I rather than He I and/or generalized ionizing photon escape, highlighting the need for detailed consideration of radiative transfer effects. If temperature inhomogeneities are widespread, identifying a common physical phenomenon affecting all ionized nebulae is crucial. Our results suggest that both scenarios can contribute to the observed discrepancies.

 
Aceptado para publicación en ApJ | Enviado el 2025-03-26 | Proyecto P/308614