Detalles de publicación

PP 026070

Chromospheric condensation and heating in small-scale flaring events: Insights from GREGOR/GRIS and coordinated IRIS observations

F. Ferrente, S. L. Guglielmino, P. Romano, D. Spadaro, M. Murabito, L. Contarino, V. Andretta, I. Ermolli, S. J. González Manrique, C. Kuckein, C. Sasso, S. M. Lezzi
1 INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy 2 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy 3 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy 4 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 5 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 6 INAF - Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory, Salita Moiariello 16, I 80131 Napoli, Italy; now at CMCC Foundation - Euro- Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy
We present a detailed analysis of the chromospheric response during a small-scale flaring event observed in the active region NOAA 13394 on 8 August 2023. By utilizing coordinated high-resolution spatial and spectral observations from the GRIS spectropolarimeter at the GREGOR telescope, targeting the He i 1083.0 nm triplet, and the IRIS spectrograph, covering the near- and far-ultraviolet spectral regions, we investigate the plasma dynamics and heating processes within the solar atmosphere. We observe complex, asymmetric He i Stokes profiles; inversions performed with the state-of-the-art HAZEL code reveal that these profiles are characterized by significant redshifts, with velocities reaching∼30 km s−1, which are interpreted as signatures of chromospheric condensation. These findings are supported by simultaneous IRIS observations, which show redshifts in transition region lines (Si iv, C ii) along the footpoints of the flaring event, suggesting a coherent, multi-layer response to the heating. The evolution of the Mg ii h&k line profiles, transitioning from a central reversal to a single-peaked morphology, suggests a rising source function associated with reduced opacity. These features provide compelling evidence of deep heating in the lower chromosphere during the flaring event.

 
Aceptado para publicación en A&A | Enviado el 2026-06-05 | Proyecto P/301141 010101001 722 y P/301134 010101001 725